1. Product Overview

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino acid peptide encoded within the
mitochondrial genome. Unlike conventional hormones encoded in the nuclear DNA, MOTS-c represents a novel class of
mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) that function as signaling molecules regulating systemic metabolism.

In research settings, MOTS-c is utilized to investigate cellular energy regulation, metabolic homeostasis, insulin
sensitivity, exercise response, and mitochondrial function. It serves as a critical tool for studying age-related metabolic
decline, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and skeletal muscle physiology in non-clinical models.

2. Technical Specifications

3. Research Applications

MOTS-c is intended exclusively for use in qualified research laboratories. Common areas of investigation
include:

• Metabolic Regulation: Investigation of glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, energy
  expenditure, and lipid metabolism in cellular assays and animal models.
• Mitochondrial Function: Studies on mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation,
  and mitochondrial-nuclear communication pathways.
• AMPK Pathway Activation: Analysis of AMPK signaling, folate cycle regulation, and AICAR
  accumulation in metabolic tissues.
• Exercise Mimetics: Research into exercise-induced metabolic adaptations, physical performance,
  and skeletal muscle metabolism in preclinical models (subject to institutional ethical approval).
• Aging and Longevity: Studies investigating age-related metabolic decline, insulin resistance,
  and interventions targeting healthspan extension.

4. Storage and Handling

Proper storage is essential to maintain the stability and integrity of the peptide. Please adhere to the following
guidelines:

Storage of Lyophilized Powder

• Long-term Storage: Store at -20°C (-4°F) or colder. Stable for up to 2 years if kept desiccated
  and away from light.
• Short-term Storage: Can be stored at 2-8°C (36-46°F) for up to 3 months.
• Room Temperature: Avoid prolonged exposure to room temperature. Transport should be conducted
  with cold packs.

Reconstitution and Handling

• Allow the vial to reach room temperature before opening to prevent condensation.
• Reconstitute using Sterile Water for Injection (SWFI) or Bacteriostatic Water . Gently swirl the vial; do not
  shake vigorously.
• Once reconstituted, the solution should be stored at 2-8°C and used within 14-21 days. Do not freeze after
  reconstitution as freeze-thaw cycles degrade the peptide structure.
• Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, lab coat, and eye protection, when
  handling this substance.

5. Safety and Hazard Information

While this product is not classified as a dangerous good for transport, standard laboratory safety protocols must
be observed.

• Potential Hazards: May cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Avoid inhalation
  of powder.
• First Aid:
  • Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Seek medical advice.
• Disposal: Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local, regional, and national
  regulations regarding chemical waste.